RIR Comparative Policy Overview 2010-01

26 Mar 2010

RIR Comparative Policy Overview (version 2010-01)

(version 2010-01)

The goal of this document is to provide a comparative overview of policies across the Regional Internet Registry (RIR) system. It is not a policy statement by the RIRs, but serves as a reference for the Internet community. While this document was accurate on the date of publication (26 March 2010) it may be outdated by subsequent policy implementations. The official policy documents can be found at the respective websites of the RIRs. This is a public document that will be reviewed and revised quarterly through the coordinated efforts of the RIRs.

For more information, refer to the AFRINIC, APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC, and RIPE NCC websites.

1. General

1.1 Goals of the RIR System

RIR	Policy
AFRINIC APNIC ARIN LACNIC RIPE NCC	All allocations and assignments of Internet resources must be consistent with the goals of the Internet Registry system: aggregation, conservation and registration.

RIR

Policy

AFRINIC

APNIC

ARIN

LACNIC

RIPE NCC

All allocations and assignments of Internet resources must be consistent with the goals of the Internet Registry system: aggregation, conservation and registration.

RIR	Category	Policy
AFRINIC	Qualification	Membership is open to organizations legally present in the AFRINIC region of service.
	Access to registration services	Registration service is accessible by members only. Registered resources are publicly available.
	Fee model	Not-for profit. Fee established to enable cost recovery of operations.
APNIC	Qualification	Only organizations that are located in the APNIC region or have networks located in the APNIC region may apply for resources.
	Access to registration services	Members have full access to all services. Non-member account holders may access resource assignment and allocation services.
	Fee model	Not-for-profit. Fee schedule established to enable cost recovery of operations.
ARIN	Qualification	Open globally without conditions. Organisations that receive allocations automatically become members.
	Access to registration services	Do not need to be a member to receive registration services.
	Fee model	Not-for-profit. Fee schedule established to enable cost recovery of operations.
LACNIC	Qualification	Membership is open to LACNIC region only, without conditions.
	Access to registration services	Organisations approved for IP addresses automatically become members. It is not necessary to become a member to obtain some services like ASN assignments. Only organisations based in LACNIC region may apply for resources.
	Fee model	Not-for-profit. Fee schedule established to enable cost recovery of operations.
RIPE NCC	Qualification	Membership is open without conditions.
	Access to registration services	Members only. Direct Assignment Users who have a contract with the RIPE NCC can also access Registration Services.
	Fee model	Not-for-profit. Fee schedule established to enable cost recovery of operations.

RIR	Policy
AFRINIC	Valid as long as original criteria remain satisfied.
APNIC	Allocates and assigns on a ‘license” basis, to be of specific limited duration (normally 1 year). Licenses are renewable if: a) the original basis of the allocation or assignment remains valid and b) requirements have been met at time of renewal.
ARIN LACNIC	Valid as long as original criteria remain satisfied and registration fees are kept up to date.
RIPE NCC	Valid as long as original criteria remain satisfied.

RIR	Category	Policy
AFRINIC	Size	Slow start: /22 (can be exceeded when justified by requester).
	Eligibility	The requesting organisation must show an existing efficient utilization of IP addresses from their upstream provider or an immediate need of IP addresses. Justification may be based on a combination of immediate need and existing usage.
	Period	1 year.
APNIC	Size	Slow start: /22 (can be exceeded when documented immediate infrastructure need exceeds /22).
	Eligibility	a) Membership or pay non-member fee; b) have previously used or can demonstrate immediate need for /24; c) complied with policies in managing all previous address space; d) detailed plan for use of a /23 within a year; e) commit to renumber from previously deployed space.
	Period	1 year.
ARIN	Size	Slow start: /22 minimum for multihomed, otherwise /20 (can be exceeded when documented immediate need exceeds /20). /22 for Caribbean and North Atlantic Islands sector of the ARIN region.
	Eligibility	For a /22: efficient utilisation of a /23 from upstream; intent to multihome; agree to renumber, or For a /21: efficient utilisation of /22 from upstream; intent to multihome; agree to renumber, or For a /20: efficient utilisation of /21 from upstream; intent to multihome; agree to renumber, or Efficient utilisation of /20 from upstream (no renumbering required). For a /22 in the Caribbean and North Atlantic Islands sector: efficient utilization of a /22 from upstream (no renumbering required).
	Period	3 months.
LACNIC	Size	Slow start: /22, otherwise /21 (can be exceeded when documented immediate need exceeds /21).
	Eligibility	For a /22: current use or documented need of a /24; or For a /21: Must have /23 from upstream; multihomed; agree to renumber within 12 months. or If not multihomed must demonstrate use of /22 from upstream and agree to renumber within 12 months. or Demonstrate immediate need.
	Period	3 months.
RIPE NCC	Size	Slow start: /21 (can be exceeded when justified).
	Eligibility	a) Membership; b) Demonstration of need.
	Period	Until 1 July 2010, up to 12 months. Between 1 July 2010 – 31 December 2010, up to nine months Between 1 January 2011- 31 June 2011, up to six months As of 1 July 2011, up to three months

RIR	Category	Policy
AFRINIC	Size	Minimum /22, no maximum.
	Eligibility	Demonstrate 80% efficient utilisation of last allocated space or an immediate need that requires more IP addresses than are available in the most recent allocation.
	Period	Up to 1 year.
APNIC	Size	Minimum /21, no maximum.
	Eligibility	Demonstrate 80% efficient utilisation of all prior allocated space.
	Period	Up to 1 year.
ARIN	Size	Minimum /22 for multihomed, otherwise /20, no maximum.
	Eligibility	Demonstrate efficient utilisation of all previous allocations and at least 80% of the most recent allocation.
	Period	3 months. A subscriber member may request up to a 12 month supply after they have been an ARIN member for one year.
LACNIC	Size	Minimum /22, no maximum.
	Eligibility	Demonstrate 80% efficient utilisation of all prior allocated space.
	Period	12 months.
RIPE NCC	Size	Minimum /21, no maximum.
	Eligibility	Demonstrate approximately 80% efficient utilisation of all prior allocated space.
	Period	Until 1 July 2010, up to 12 months. Between 1 July 2010 – 31 December 2010, up to nine months Between 1 January 2011- 31 June 2011, up to six months As of 1 July 2011, up to three months

RIR	Policy	Comment
AFRINIC	LIRs may sub-allocate addresses to other organisations, which further assign addresses to End Users. LIRs also assign addresses. Sub-allocations are subject to the ‘Sub-Allocation Window’ procedure.
APNIC	LIRs may sub-allocate addresses to other organisations, which further assign addresses to end-users. LIRs also assign addresses. Sub-allocations are subject to the ‘Assignment Window’ procedure.	See section 2.5.1 ‘Assignment Window’ below.
ARIN	ISPs may sub-allocate addresses to other organisations, which further assign addresses to End Users.
LACNIC	RIR allocates and assigns IP blocks to organisations that can be ISPs, End Users or National Internet Registries, (NIRs – see section 7). NIRs allocate and assign IP blocks to organisations in their countries. ISPs may sub-allocate IP blocks to other ISPs or assign them to End Users.
RIPE NCC	An LIR may sub-allocate up to a /20 (4096 addresses) to a downstream network operator every twelve months, who can then assign addresses to End Users. The minimum size of a sub-allocation is a /24.

RIR	Category	Policy	Comment
AFRINIC	Size	/24 minimum, no maximum.
AFRINIC	Eligibility	– Must be an AFRINIC member – Must EITHER show an existing utilization of /25 from their upstream/ISP, OR – Justify that at least 50% of the total 1 year requirement is needed immediately.
APNIC	Size	No minimum, no maximum.	Known as ‘small multihoming assignment policy’. Can be applied for under membership or as a ‘non-member account holder’.
APNIC	Eligibility	Requesting organisation needs to be multihomed and agree to renumber out of previously assigned address space. Assignments will be made according to the following criteria: 25% immediate utilisation rate and 50% utilisation rate within one year.
ARIN	Size	/22 minimum for multihomed, otherwise /20, no maximum.	Known as ‘end-user’ assignments.
ARIN	Eligibility	Assignments will be made according to the following criteria: 25% immediate utilisation rate and 50% utilisation rate within one year.	Known as ‘end-user’ assignments.
LACNIC	Size	/24 minimum, no maximum.
LACNIC	Eligibility	Multi-homed organizations (End User) may receive a minimum of /24 based on previous assignments of /25 from upstream providers. Single-home organization may apply, for at least a /20, based on demonstrated need of /21.
RIPE NCC	Size	No minimum, no maximum.
RIPE NCC	Eligibility	The utilisation rate of an assignment must be such that at least 50% of the total space shall have been utilised halfway through the assignment period applied at the time of the assignment. Assignment period: Until 1 July 2010, up to 12 months. Between 1 July 2010 – 31 December 2010, up to nine months Between 1 January 2011- 31 June 2011, up to six months As of 1 July 2011, up to three months

RIR	Category	Policy	Comment
AFRINIC	Definition	Public IXPs and root DNS service providers.	Portable space can be obtained by submitting a request directly to AFRINIC.
	Size	/24 minimum, more if justified.
	Eligibility	No specific criteria defined.
APNIC	Definition	Root DNS, ccTLD, gTLD, IANA, RIRs, NIRs.
	Size	/24 minimum.
	Eligibility	Assignments to critical infrastructure are available only to the actual operators of the network infrastructure performing such functions.
ARIN	Definition	Root DNS, ccTLD, gTLD, IANA, RIRs.	Requested via the ‘micro-allocations’ policy.
	Size	/24 minimum.
	Eligibility	Assignments to critical infrastructure are available only to the actual operators of the network infrastructure performing such functions.
LACNIC	Definition	Root DNS, ccTLD, gTLD, IANA, RIRs.	Requested via the ‘micro-allocations’ policy.
	Size	/24 minimum.
	Eligibility	Assignments to critical infrastructure are available only to the actual operators of the network infrastructure performing such functions.
RIPE NCC	Definition	Anycasting ccTLD, gTLD, ENUM.	The organisations applicable under this policy are TLD managers, as recorded in the IANA’s Root Zone Database and ENUM administrators, as assigned by the ITU.
	Size	/24.
	Eligibility	The organisation may receive up to four /24 prefixes per TLD and four /24 prefixes per ENUM. These prefixes must be used for the sole purpose of anycasting authoritative DNS servers for the stated TLD/ENUM, as described in BCP126/RFC4786 (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4786.txt)

RIR	Category	Policy
APNIC	Size	/22.
APNIC	Eligibility	When an equivalent of a /8 is remaining in the APNIC pool: 1. Each account holder (current and future) will be eligible to request and receive a single allocation from the remaining space, providing the account holder meets the criteria for receiving an initial or subsequent IPv4 allocation. 2. A /16 will be held in reserve for future uses, as yet unforeseen. If the reserved /16 remains unused by the time the rest of the remaining /8 worth of space has been allocated, the /16 will be returned to the APNIC pool for distribution under the policy described in the point above
ARIN	Size	/28 minimum, /24 maximum.
ARIN	Eligibility	Policy takes effect upon receipt of ARIN’s last /8 IPv4 allocation from IANA. Allocations and assignments are from a reserved /10 and must be justified by immediate IPv6 requirements.
LACNIC	Size	/22 for ISPs, /24 for Critical Infrastructure
LACNIC	Eligibility	When an equivalent of a /12 is remaining in the LACNIC pool, allocations and assignments will only be done to new members. Allocations to new ISPs will be of size /22 and assignments to critical infrastructure will be of size /24. No further allocations or assignments will be possible after receiving resources under this policy.
AFRINIC RIPE NCC	Size	No special policy.
AFRINIC RIPE NCC	Eligibility	No special policy.

RIR	Category	Policy	Comment
AFRINIC	Size	/32.
	Eligibility	a) be an LIR; b) not be an end site; c) show a detailed plan to provide IPv6 connectivity to organizations in the AFRINIC region. d) show a reasonable plan for making /48 IPv6 assignments to end sites in the AFRINIC region within twelve months. The LIR should also plan to announce the allocation as a single aggregated block in the inter-domain routing system within twelve months.
	Period	Up to one year.
APNIC	Size	/32.	Allocations consistent with the globally co-ordinated ‘IPv6 Address Allocation and Assignment Policy’ document. Organisations may qualify for an initial allocation greater than /32 by submitting documentation that reasonably justifies the request. Considers IPv4 deployment as one of the means of justifying a larger initial allocation.
	Eligibility	APNIC members with IPv4 resources managed by APNIC but with no IPv6 resources automatically qualify for an IPv6 /32. Organizations with no IPv4, or that wish to request more than a /32 should meet the following requirements: a) Be an LIR; b) not be an end site; c) plan to provide IPv6 connectivity to organisations to which it will make assignments, by advertising that connectivity through its single aggregated address allocation; d) meet one of the following two criteria: i) have a plan for making at least 200 assignments to other organisations within two years, or ii) be an existing LIR with IPv4 allocations from an APNIC or an NIR, which will make IPv6 assignments or sub-allocations to other organizations and announce the allocation in the inter-domain routing system within two years. In addition, APNIC will make allocations to ‘closed’ networks if they meet all other criteria. APNIC can make allocation based on existing IPv4 network infrastructure.
	Period	For up to one year.
ARIN	Size	/32.	Organisations may qualify for an initial allocation greater than /32 by submitting documentation that reasonably justifies the request.
	Eligibility	a) Be an LIR; b) not be an end site; c) Plan to provide IPv6 connectivity to organizations to which it will assign IPv6 address space; and d) Be an existing, known ISP in the ARIN region or have a plan for making at least 200 end-site assignments to other organizations within five years.
	Period	For up to five years.
LACNIC	Size	/32.	As a special case, LACNIC has a policy for the “Second Allocation” where An Organization that holds only one IPv6 allocation can return it (within the first 6 months of getting it) in order to receive another shorter prefix allocation from LACNIC.
	Eligibility	1. Hold an IPv4 allocation from LACNIC. Or, 2. a) Be a LIR or an ISP; b) Document a detailed plan for the services and IPv6 connectivity to be offered to other organizations; c) Announce a single block in the Internet inter-domain routing system, aggregating the total IPv6 address allocation received, within a period not longer than 12 months; d) Offer IPv6 services to clients or entities owned/related (including departments and/or sites) physically located within the region covered by LACNIC within a period not longer than 24 months than 24 months.
	Period	For up to one year.
RIPE NCC	Size	/32.	Organisations may qualify for an initial allocation greater than /32 by submitting documentation that reasonably justifies the request. Considers IPv4 deployment as one of the means of justifying a larger initial allocation.
	Eligibility	a) Be an LIR; b) have a plan for making sub-allocations to other organisations and/or End Site assignments within two years.
	Period	For up to two years.

RIR	Category	Policy	Comment
AFRINIC	Size	Minimum size of next allocation will equal the first allocation size. More can be allocated but justification must be supplied.	Contiguous allocation provided if possible. RFC 3194 defines the HD-Ratio.
	Eligibility	ISP/LIR must satisfy the evaluation threshold of past address utilisation in terms of the number of sites in units of /48 assignments. The HD-Ratio of 0.94 is used to determine the utilisation thresholds that justify the allocation of additional addresses.
	Period	Up to one year.
APNIC ARIN RIPE NCC	Size	Minimum size of next allocation will equal the first allocation size. More can be allocated but justification must be supplied.	Contiguous allocation provided if possible. RFC 3194 defines the HD-Ratio.
	Eligibility	ISP/LIR must satisfy the evaluation threshold of past address utilisation in terms of the number of sites in units of /56 assignments. The HD-Ratio of 0.94 is used to determine the utilisation thresholds that justify the allocation of additional addresses.
	Period	Up to two years.
LACNIC	Size	Minimum size of next allocation will equal the first allocation size. More can be allocated but justification must be supplied.	Contiguous allocation provided if possible. RFC 3194 defines the HD-Ratio.
	Eligibility	ISP/LIR must satisfy the evaluation threshold of past address utilization in terms of the number of sites in units of /48 assignments. The HD-Ratio of 0.94 is used to determine the utilization thresholds that justify the allocation of additional addresses.
	Period	Up to two years.

RIR	Category	Policy	Comment
AFRINIC	Modification	LIRs are required to register all assignments and sub-allocations.
AFRINIC	Entry	Can update all assignment and sub-allocation registrations (protection mechanism available). Org object cannot be created by a LIR.
APNIC	Modification	LIRs required to register all assignments and sub-allocations except infrastructure assignments. Registrations will be stored privately by APNIC unless the custodian wishes them to be made publicly available in the APNIC database.
APNIC	Entry	Can update all assignment and sub-allocation registrations (protection mechanism available).
ARIN	Modification	Downstream reassignments and reallocations are reported, showing hierarchy and End User assignments. Reassignment information for residential customers need not contain the customer’s name nor street address.	Not required to register infrastructure assignments.
ARIN	Entry	Can modify all parent data except “org name” and address range. Can modify all child data.	Not required to register infrastructure assignments.
LACNIC	Modification	Downstream reassignments and reallocations are reported, showing hierarchy and End User assignments.	Not required to register infrastructure assignments.
LACNIC	Entry	Can modify all parent data except “org name” and address range. Can modify all child data. Users have to authenticate themselves in LACNIC web system.	Not required to register infrastructure assignments.
RIPE NCC	Modification	LIRs are required to register all assignments and sub-allocations.
RIPE NCC	Entry	Can update all assignment and sub-allocation registrations (protection mechanism available).

RIR	Category	Policy	Comment
AFRINIC APNIC LACNIC RIPE NCC	Size	No policy.
AFRINIC APNIC LACNIC RIPE NCC	Eligibility	Not applicable.
ARIN	Size	/48 minimum.	These allocations come from specific blocks reserved only for this purpose.
ARIN	Eligibility	Organizations that currently hold IPv6 allocations may apply for a micro-allocation for internal infrastructure. Applicant must provide technical justification indicating why a separate non-routed block is required. Justification must include why a sub-allocation of currently held IP space cannot be utilized.

RIR	Category	Policy	Comment
AFRINIC	Definition	Root DNS operators, IXPs, RIRs	Part of the ‘Provider Independent (PI) Assignment for End-Sites’ policy
	Size	/48 minimum.
	Eligibility	Requestor to prove they operate a critical infrastructure network.
APNIC	Definition	Root DNS, ccTLD, gTLD, IANA, RIRs, NIRs.
	Size	/32 maximum.
	Eligibility	APNIC members with IPv4 resources assigned under the IPv4 critical infrastructure policy, but with no IPv6 resources, automatically qualify for an IPv6 /48. Members that do not hold an IPv4 critical infrastructure assignment from APNIC, that have existing IPv6 resources, or that wish to request more than /48 should meet the following requirement: Assignments to critical infrastructure are available only to the actual operators of the network infrastructure performing such functions.
ARIN	Definition	Root DNS, ccTLD, gTLD, IANA, RIRs.	Known as ‘micro-allocation’ policy.
	Size	/48 minimum.
	Eligibility	Assignments to critical infrastructure are available only to the actual operators of the network infrastructure performing such functions.
LACNIC	Definition	NAPs, Root DNS, ccTLD, gTLD, IANA, RIRs, NIRs.
	Size	/48 minimum, /32 maximum.
	Eligibility	Micro allocation to critical Internet infrastructure operators only.
RIPE NCC	Definition	Root DNS, Anycasting ccTLD, gTLD, ENUM.	For Anycasting assignments for ccTLD, gTLD and ENUM, the organisations are TLD managers, as recorded in the IANA’s Root Zone Database and ENUM administrators, as assigned by the ITU.
	Size	For Root DNS minimum allocation size at time of request. It is up to four /48s per Anycasting ccTLD/gTLD and ENUM
	Eligibility	For Root DNS minimum allocation size at time of request. It is up to four /48s per Anycasting ccTLD/gTLD and ENUM Root DNS: Assignments to critical infrastructure are available only to the actual network infrastructure performing such functions. Anycasting ccTLD, gTLD, ENUM: An organisation may receive up to four /48 prefixes per TLD and four /48 prefixes per ENUM. These prefixes must be used for the sole purpose of anycasting authoritative DNS servers for the stated TLD/ENUM, as described in BCP126/RFC4786.

RIR	Category	Policy	Comment
AFRINIC	Size	/48 minimum
AFRINIC	Eligibility	a) Not be a LIR; b) Qualify for an IPv4 PI assignment from AFRINIC under the IPv4 policy currently In effect; c) Be or plan to be an AFRINIC Member of the category “EU-PI”; and d) Show a plan to use and announce the IPv6 PI address space within twelve (12) months after approval.
APNIC	Size	/48 minimum.	These assignments come from a distinctly identified prefix.
APNIC	Eligibility	APNIC members with IPv4 resources assigned under the IPv4 multihoming policy, but with no IPv6 resources, automatically qualify for an IPv6 /48. Members that do not hold an IPv4 multihoming assignment from APNIC, that have existing IPv6 resources, or that wish to request more than /48 should meet the following requirement: a) An organization is currently multihomed or plans to be multihomed within three months.	These assignments come from a distinctly identified prefix.
ARIN	Size	/48 minimum.	These assignments come from a distinctly identified prefix and are made with a reservation for growth of at least a /44.
ARIN	Eligibility	1. a) Not be an IPv6 LIR; and b) Qualify for an IPv4 assignment or allocation from ARIN under the IPv4 policy currently in effect; or, 2. demonstrate efficient utilisation of all direct IPv4 assignments and allocations, each of which must be covered by any current ARIN RSA. or, 3. be a Community Network that will immediately have at least 100 simultaneous users and a demonstrated plan to have at least 200 simultaneous users within one year. An HD-Ratio of .94 must be met for all assignments larger than a /48.
LACNIC	Size	/48 minimum, /32 maximum
LACNIC	Eligibility	Automatic if requestor has IPv4 assignments. Else: 1) Not been an LIR, 2) Announce a single block in the inter-domain routing table, 3) submit information showing address use plan for 3, 6 and 12 months, 4) submit network topology, routing and addressing plan.
RIPE NCC	Size	/48 minimum.	Assignments will be made from a separate ‘designated block’ to facilitate filtering practices
RIPE NCC	Eligibility	a) demonstrate that the organisation will be multihomed b) meet the requirements of the policies described in the document entitled “Contractual Requirements for Provider Independent Resources Holders in the RIPE NCC Service Region“

RIR	Policy	Comment
AFRINIC	Only make delegations on 8-bit boundaries (/16 or /24). Multiple delegations may be requested to cover CIDR prefixes for blocks bigger than a /24.
APNIC	Provides reverse DNS based on domain objects in the APNIC database. If the delegation is /16 or larger then the authority for the reverse zone, it is delegated to the custodian of the address space.	Policy for “lame delegations” checking established and enforced.
ARIN	Provides reverse DNS for all allocations and assignments in the database with the following exception: For all /16 or shorter prefixes ARIN delegates reverse DNS authority to the registrant.	Policy for “lame delegations” checking established and enforced.
LACNIC	Provides reverse DNS for all parent blocks. Does not provide reverse DNS for reassignments on child blocks if the parent is /16 or greater.	Policy for “lame delegations” checking established and enforced
RIPE NCC	Provides reverse DNS delegation on request. Deploys DNSSEC on all the reverse zones.	RIPE NCC verifies RFC1912 compliance.

(version 2010-01)

1. General

1.1 Goals of the RIR System

1.2 Membership

1.3 Allocation Terms and Conditions

1.3.1 Type of Custodianship

1.3.2 Transfer of Custodianship

1.3.3 Recovering Unused Resources

2. IPv4

2.1 Initial Allocation

2.2 Subsequent Allocations

2.3 Sub-Allocations

2.4 Assignments by RIRs (Independent/Portable)

2.4.1 General

2.4.2 Critical Infrastructure

2.4.3 Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)

2.5 Assignments by LIRs (Aggregatable/Non-Portable)

2.5.1 Assignment Window

2.5.2 Dynamic Addressing

2.5.3 Mobile Terminals

2.5.4 Web Hosting

2.5.5 Network Address Translation (NAT)

2.5.6 RFC1918 Private Address Space

2.6. Use of Final Unallocated IPv4 Address Space

3. IPv6

3.1 Initial Allocation

3.2 Subsequent Allocations

3.3 Other Allocations

3.3.1 Micro-allocations for Internal Infrastructure

3.4 Assignments by RIRs (Independent/Portable)

3.4.1 Critical Infrastructure

3.4.2 Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)

3.4.3 End Users

3.5 Assignments by LIRs (Aggregatable/Non-Portable)

3.5.1 Dynamic Addressing

3.5.2 Mobile Terminals

3.5.3 Web Hosting

3.5.4 Network Address Translation (NAT)

4. Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs)

4.1 Allocations

4.2 Assignments

4.2.1 32-bit ASNs

5. Database – Registration

6. Reverse DNS

7. National Internet Registries (NIRs)

8. Policy Development

9. Internet Experiments

10. Documentation Prefix

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